Far-UVC Light Risks: Is Radiation Disinfecting Causing DNA Damage?

The promise of a world free from airborne pathogens is tantalizing. Far-UVC light, a novel disinfection technology, has emerged as a potential game-changer in this pursuit. But, as with any new technology, questions arise about its safety. Specifically, could Far-UVC light, while effective at killing viruses and bacteria, also pose a risk of DNA damage to humans? While studies show that Far-UVC light holds immense promise for disinfection, understanding the nuances of its risks is crucial.

Understanding Far-UVC Light

Far-UVC light falls within the ultraviolet C (UVC) spectrum, ranging from 200 to 235 nanometers (nm). This range is crucial because it dictates how the light interacts with biological matter. Unlike traditional UVC light (254 nm), which has been used for decades to disinfect unoccupied spaces, Far-UVC light has a shorter wavelength. This shorter wavelength gives it unique properties that could make it safe for use around people.

The Allure of Far-UVC: A Powerful Disinfectant

Far-UVC light has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in inactivating a wide range of pathogens, including:

Viruses: Including coronaviruses and influenza.
Bacteria: Including drug-resistant strains like MRSA.
Fungi: Such as Candida auris.

Its mechanism of action involves damaging the DNA or RNA of these microorganisms, rendering them unable to replicate and cause infection. In one study by Columbia researchers, Far-UVC light inactivated nearly all (>99%) of an airborne virus in an occupied work environment, showing that the technology can work as well in a real-life scenario as in the laboratory.

The Central Question: Does Far-UVC Light Cause DNA Damage?

The primary concern surrounding Far-UVC light revolves around its potential to cause DNA damage in human cells. After all, if it can damage the DNA of microorganisms, could it also harm us?

Here’s where the science gets interesting:

Limited Penetration: Far-UVC light’s shorter wavelength means it has limited penetration depth in biological tissues. It’s readily absorbed by proteins and other biomolecules, preventing it from reaching living cells in the skin or eyes.
Outer Layer Interaction: Studies suggest that Far-UVC light primarily interacts with the outermost layers of the skin (the stratum corneum) and the tear film of the eye. These layers are composed of dead cells or are constantly renewing, minimizing the risk of long-term damage.
Recent Study on Lung Cells: However, a recent study posted in May 2025, has indicated that even low doses of Far-UVC (206 nm, 222 nm) light can penetrate monolayers of human lung epithelial cells, causing direct DNA damage in the form of (6 − 4) photoproducts and DNA double-strand breaks, ultimately leading to cell death. This study underlines the importance of further investigation across different human tissues.

Evidence of Safety: What the Studies Show

While the recent study on lung cells raises concerns, numerous studies have pointed to the safety of Far-UVC light under specific conditions:

36-Month Clinical Study: A 36-month clinical study published in January 2025, found that prolonged exposure to 222 nm Far-UVC light did not harm visual acuity, corneal health, or other eye parameters when used within regulated limits.
No Skin Damage: Research using 3D human skin models showed no increase in DNA damage under Far-UVC light up to 235 nm.
Animal Studies: Studies on mice have shown no significant impact on skin health, even at doses exceeding current guidelines.

It’s important to note that these studies often emphasize the importance of using Far-UVC light within regulated exposure limits.

Potential Risks and Concerns

Despite the promising safety profile, some potential risks and concerns warrant consideration:

Long-Term Effects: Most studies on Far-UVC light have focused on short-term exposure. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of chronic exposure, especially on the eyes and damaged skin.
Vulnerable Populations: Children, older adults, and individuals with pre-existing skin or eye conditions may be more susceptible to the potential risks of Far-UVC light.
Ozone Production: Far-UVC light can lead to the production of ozone, a known respiratory irritant. Mitigation techniques, such as optical filters, are necessary to minimize this risk.
Lamp Quality and Filtering: The safety of Far-UVC light depends on the quality of the lamps and the effectiveness of filters used to block unwanted emissions at other wavelengths. Without proper filtering, longer-wave UV radiation above 240 nm can cause DNA damage.
Recent Study Findings: The recent study in May of 2025, indicates that even low doses of Far-UVC (206 nm, 222 nm) light can penetrate monolayers of human lung epithelial cells, causing direct DNA damage in the form of (6 − 4) photoproducts and DNA double-strand breaks, ultimately leading to cell death.

Legal and Jurisdictional Considerations

The use of Far-UVC light is subject to regulatory oversight, which may vary depending on the jurisdiction. It’s essential to ensure that any Far-UVC device meets the required safety standards and is used in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Advice and Recommendations

Given the current state of knowledge, here’s some advice regarding Far-UVC light:

Prioritize Safety: Ensure that any Far-UVC device you use is properly filtered and certified to meet safety standards.
Follow Exposure Guidelines: Adhere to recommended exposure limits to minimize potential risks.
Consider Vulnerable Populations: Exercise caution when using Far-UVC light around children, older adults, and individuals with skin or eye conditions.
Stay Informed: Keep abreast of the latest research and regulatory developments related to Far-UVC light.

The Future of Far-UVC Light

Far-UVC light holds tremendous potential for creating safer and healthier environments. As research continues and regulatory frameworks evolve, this technology could become an increasingly important tool in our fight against airborne pathogens. However, responsible development and deployment are paramount.

Call to Action

If you have concerns about potential injuries or damages related to Far-UVC light exposure, it’s essential to seek legal guidance. Contact our firm for a consultation to discuss your rights and options.