Swimming Pool Ladders: What are the Risks?

Swimming pools offer a refreshing escape, but they also present potential hazards. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSA), approximately 4,523 individuals were treated in emergency rooms for injuries related to pool equipment in 2017, including pool ladders. Understanding the risks associated with swimming pool ladders is crucial for ensuring a safe and enjoyable swimming experience for everyone.

Types of Pool Ladders and Their Specific Risks

Pool ladders come in various designs, each suited for different pool types. However, each type also carries its own set of risks:

Standard Stainless Steel Ladders: Commonly used for in-ground pools, these ladders are durable but can become slippery when wet. Rust and corrosion can also weaken the structure over time, posing a safety risk.
A-Frame Ladders: Popular for above-ground pools, A-frame ladders have two sides, one for entry and one for exit. A significant risk with these ladders is the potential for children to climb them unsupervised, leading to drowning. Some models have been recalled due to loosening steps, creating a falling hazard.
In-Pool Ladders: Partially submerged in the water, these ladders offer additional steps for swimmers. However, they can obstruct swimming space and pose a tripping hazard if not clearly visible.
Deck-Mounted Ladders: Attached directly to the pool deck, these are often used for in-ground pools with limited space. The primary risk is improper installation, which can lead to instability and falls.

Common Injuries Associated with Pool Ladders

Several types of injuries can occur due to accidents involving pool ladders:

Slips and Falls: Wet surfaces, loose steps, and lack of non-slip treads can cause slips and falls, resulting in injuries ranging from minor cuts and bruises to fractures and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).
Lacerations and Contusions: Sharp edges, protruding bolts, or broken ladder components can cause lacerations and contusions.
Broken Bones: Falls from ladders can lead to broken bones, especially in the elderly or those with pre-existing conditions.
Drowning: Unsupervised children can use ladders to access the pool, leading to drowning. Defective ladders can also contribute to drowning if a step loosens or breaks while someone is using it.
Electrocution: Although less common, faulty electrical systems near the pool area can pose an electrocution risk, especially if the ladder is made of metal.

Factors Contributing to Pool Ladder Accidents

Several factors can contribute to accidents involving swimming pool ladders:

Lack of Maintenance: Inadequate maintenance, such as failing to tighten bolts, remove rust, or replace worn treads, can lead to ladder failure and accidents.
Defective Design or Manufacturing: Design flaws or manufacturing defects can cause ladders to break or collapse, leading to injuries.
Improper Installation: Incorrectly installed ladders can be unstable and pose a significant safety risk.
Lack of Supervision: Insufficient supervision, particularly of children, can result in accidents as they may misuse the ladder or access the pool without permission.
Slippery Surfaces: Algae growth, spills, or inadequate drainage can create slippery surfaces on and around the ladder, increasing the risk of falls.
Inadequate Lighting: Poor lighting can make it difficult to see the ladder, especially at night, increasing the risk of slips and falls.

Safety Measures to Mitigate Risks

To minimize the risks associated with swimming pool ladders, consider the following safety measures:

Regular Inspections: Regularly inspect the ladder for signs of wear, rust, or damage. Check for loose bolts, cracked steps, and wobbly rails.
Proper Maintenance: Clean the ladder regularly with a non-abrasive cleaner to prevent algae growth and remove slippery substances. Apply a rust-resistant coating to metal ladders to prevent corrosion.
Non-Slip Surfaces: Ensure that the ladder steps have non-slip surfaces. Replace worn treads with new ones that provide adequate traction.
Secure Installation: Ensure that the ladder is properly secured to the pool deck or wall. Tighten anchor bolts and check for stability regularly.
Supervision: Always supervise children when they are in or around the pool. Teach them how to use the ladder properly and emphasize the importance of not jumping or diving from it.
Barriers and Fencing: Install a pool fence with a self-latching gate to prevent unsupervised access to the pool area. Use a lockable or removable ladder for above-ground pools to restrict access when the pool is not in use.
Adequate Lighting: Install adequate lighting around the pool area to improve visibility and reduce the risk of slips and falls.
Safety Standards: Choose ladders that meet ASTM International safety standards. These standards ensure that the ladder has been tested for weight capacity, slip resistance, and other safety factors.
Warning Signs: Post clear warning signs about pool safety, including instructions on how to use the ladder properly and the risks of unsupervised swimming.

Legal Implications and Liability

Pool owners have a legal responsibility to maintain a safe environment for swimmers. If someone is injured due to a poorly maintained or defective pool ladder, the pool owner may be held liable for damages. This liability can extend to:

Premises Liability: Pool owners have a duty to keep their premises safe for guests. If a ladder injury occurs due to unsafe conditions on the property, the owner may be liable.
Product Liability: If the ladder was defective in design or manufacture, the manufacturer, distributor, or retailer may be liable for injuries caused by the defect.

In cases of serious injury or death, victims may be entitled to compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. Consulting with a personal injury attorney can help determine the best course of action.

Recent Recalls and Lawsuits

Stay informed about recent recalls of defective pool ladders. For instance, in September 2025, VidaXL recalled certain steel pool ladders due to loosening steps that posed a fall and drowning hazard. Blue Wave Products Inc. also recalled roughly 13,400 above-ground pools because the compression strap created a way to climb in even if the ladder was removed, leading to drowning. Keep an eye on product recalls and safety alerts to ensure your pool equipment is safe.

Conclusion

Swimming pool ladders are essential for safe pool access, but they also pose potential risks. By understanding these risks and taking appropriate safety measures, pool owners can create a safer environment for everyone. Regular inspections, proper maintenance, adequate supervision, and adherence to safety standards are crucial for preventing accidents and injuries. If you or a loved one has been injured in a swimming pool accident involving a ladder, consult with a personal injury attorney to explore your legal options.