Workplace Alert: Are You at Risk from Hexavalent Chromium Exposure? Know Your Rights

Each day, countless workers across various industries unknowingly face a silent threat: hexavalent chromium exposure. This toxic compound, also known as Chromium (VI), is a known human carcinogen, with approximately one million workers exposed to it in the United States. Are you one of them? Understanding the risks and knowing your rights is crucial for protecting your health and future.

What is Hexavalent Chromium?

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a chemical compound containing chromium in the +6 oxidation state. It doesn’t occur naturally very often; it is generally produced through industrial processes. It’s found in various industries due to its ability to create hard coatings and prevent corrosion.

Where is Hexavalent Chromium Found?

Hexavalent chromium is used across many industries, increasing the risk of workplace exposure. Here are some common sources:

Welding: “Hot work” like welding on stainless steel and other alloy steels containing chromium metal is a major source of exposure.
Electroplating: Chromic acid is used to electroplate chromium onto metal parts for decorative or protective coatings.
Pigments, Dyes, and Coatings: Cr(VI) compounds are used as pigments in dyes, paints, inks, and plastics, and as an anti-corrosive agent in paints and primers.
Other Industries: Leather tanning, textile manufacturing, and wood preservation also utilize chromium compounds.
Portland Cement: Hexavalent chromium can be an impurity present in portland cement.

If you work in these industries, understanding the risks of hexavalent chromium exposure is crucial.

How Does Exposure Occur?

Exposure to hexavalent chromium primarily occurs through:

Inhalation: Breathing in dust, fumes, or mists containing Cr(VI).
Dermal Contact: Direct skin contact with solutions, coatings, or cements containing Cr(VI).
Ingestion: Although less common in occupational settings, ingestion can occur through contaminated food or water.

Health Risks Associated with Hexavalent Chromium Exposure

Exposure to hexavalent chromium can lead to a range of serious health problems, both in the short and long term.

Short-Term Effects:

Irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs, leading to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis (a red, itchy rash), and chrome ulcers (small, crusted sores).
Eye irritation and damage.

Long-Term Effects:

Lung Cancer: Inhaling hexavalent chromium is a known cause of lung cancer. Studies have consistently shown increased rates of lung cancer in exposed workers.
Nasal and Sinus Cancer: Exposure has also been linked to cancer of the nose and nasal sinuses.
Respiratory Issues: Occupational asthma, damage to the nasal passages (including ulcers and perforation of the septum), and other respiratory problems.
Kidney and Liver Damage: Ingestion of Cr(VI) can cause toxicity in the liver and damage the kidneys.

It’s important to note that some health effects, like lung cancer, may not appear until years after the initial exposure.

What are Your Rights as a Worker?

If you work in an industry where hexavalent chromium exposure is possible, you have specific rights and protections under the law. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established standards to protect employees from these risks. Key provisions include:

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): OSHA sets a maximum allowed average exposure to Cr(VI) over an 8-hour shift, which is currently 5 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) of air.
Action Level: An action level of 2.5 µg/m3 as an 8-hour TWA triggers additional requirements, including exposure determination, periodic monitoring, and training.
Exposure Monitoring: Employers must determine the exposure levels of employees and conduct regular monitoring if the action level is exceeded.
Engineering and Work Practice Controls: If exposure is above the PEL, employers must implement controls to reduce and maintain levels at or below the limit. This includes using safer materials, isolating processes, and providing ventilation.
Respiratory Protection: When engineering controls are not sufficient, employers must provide respirators to protect employees.
Protective Clothing and Equipment: Employers are required to provide appropriate protective clothing and equipment, such as gloves and eye protection, and ensure it is properly cleaned and maintained.
Hygiene Areas and Practices: Employers must provide washing facilities, change rooms, and ensure that eating and drinking areas are free from contamination.
Medical Surveillance: OSHA requires medical surveillance programs for employees exposed to Cr(VI) above the action level.
Training: Employers must train workers on the hazards of hexavalent chromium, proper handling procedures, and the use of protective equipment.

What Should You Do If You’ve Been Exposed?

If you believe you have been exposed to hexavalent chromium in the workplace, take the following steps:

Report the Exposure: Notify your employer immediately and document the incident.
Seek Medical Attention: Consult a doctor and explain the potential exposure. They can assess your health and recommend appropriate monitoring or treatment.
Document Everything: Keep detailed records of your exposure, symptoms, medical visits, and any related expenses.
Know Your Legal Options: Understand your rights to workers’ compensation, and consider consulting with an attorney to explore potential legal claims.

Legal Recourse for Hexavalent Chromium Exposure

If you have suffered health problems due to hexavalent chromium exposure, you may have legal options to pursue compensation for your injuries, medical expenses, and lost wages. Potential legal avenues include:

Workers’ Compensation: This can provide benefits for medical treatment and lost income, regardless of fault.
Personal Injury Lawsuits: If your exposure was due to negligence or wrongdoing by your employer or another party, you may be able to file a personal injury lawsuit.
Product Liability Claims: If your exposure was due to a defective product containing hexavalent chromium, you may have a claim against the manufacturer.

Taking Action to Protect Yourself

Don’t let hexavalent chromium exposure jeopardize your health and well-being. By understanding the risks, knowing your rights, and taking proactive steps, you can protect yourself and your future. If you believe you have been exposed to hexavalent chromium in the workplace, it is essential to seek legal guidance to understand your rights and options.